Salam buat semua. Hari ini Selasa, 23 Disember 2025.Atok masih di Seremban bersama Wan dan anak cucu Atok yang tinggal bersama kami. Cuti sekolah baharu bermula. Atok dan Wan dah rancang nak balik ke Bagan Datuk untuk dua hal besar. Pertama, untuk membersihkan rumah pusaka kami yang terkena banjir besar bulan lepas, dan yang kedua untuk meraikan anak saudara sepupu Wan yang akan melangsungkan perkahwinannya pada 27 haribulan ini. Begitulah kami, meraikan silaturahim dengan keluarga besar kami, serta kembali ke akar umbi di desa yang telah lama kami tinggalkan sejak ketiadaan bapa dan ibu Wan di sana.
Berbalik kepada entri Atok kali ini,Atok nak fokuskan tentang Seremban. Seremban yang dahulu, bukan Seremban yang sekarang. Bagaimana rupanya kehidupan seharian di bandar Seremban pada awal kurun ke 20, bahkan lebih awal daripada itu. Atok nak kita sama-sama kaji bagaimana British mencengkamkan lagi kuasanya ke atas kehidupan rakyat biasa di Seremban, demi kesejahteraan ataupun sebaliknya.Sudah tiada lagi suara-suara ingin berjihad menentang Inggeris seperti Perang Paroi, Perang Ulu Bendul mahupun perang di Rembau; sebaliknya kepatuhan totok kepada Inggeris dengan restu Yamtuan diNegeri Sembilan.
Segala aspek kehidupan harian rakyat dimanupulasi dengan syarat-syarat ketat, cukai, levi, lesen, serta permit yang perlu dibayar sebelum sesuatu aktiviti dibenarkan. Mungkin orang Melayu dan pribumi kurang merasa bahananya, tetapi kehidupan masyarakatdi bandar dan pekan terutamanya imigran Cina dan India terpaksa akur dengan arahan-arahan yang dikeluarkan. Itulah harga yang perlu dibayar atas nama kemajuan dan pembangunan.
Jadi. kali ini kita aka bedah siasat sejarah Seremban Sanitary Board yang merupakan leluhur kepada Majlis Perbandaran Seremban dan seterusnya Majlis Bandaraya Seremban kini. Ceritanya agak panjang, naratifnya mungkin agak ilmiah atau akademik, namun masih santai sebagai bacaan umum. So, harap korang enjoylah membacanya.
Sejarah Seremban Sanitary Board, (1890–1923)
Pengenalan
Sanitary Board Seremban (SSB) merupakan institusi awal pentadbiran tempatan di Negeri Sembilan, ditubuhkan oleh kerajaan kolonial British. Lembaga ini memainkan peranan asas dalam kesihatan awam, kebersihan bandar, dan pembangunan infrastruktur. Tempoh 1896–1923 adalah fasa penting yang memperlihatkan transformasi SSB daripada jawatankuasa kebersihan kecil kepada institusi pentadbiran bandar moden dengan struktur kewangan, kakitangan tetap, dan bidang kuasa yang luas.
Latar Belakang & Sejarah Awal (Pra-1890)
Seremban bermula sebagai sebuah penempatan kecil yang dikenali sebagai Sungai Ujong, yang berkembang pesat ekoran kegiatan perlombongan bijih timah di kawasan tersebut. Kedudukannya yang strategik sebagai pusat pengumpulan dan pengangkutan bijih timah menarik ramai penduduk dan pelabur, menyebabkan pertumbuhan pesat yang tidak terancang. Pertumbuhan pesat ini membawa kepada masalah kesihatan yang serius, termasuk keadaan sanitasi yang teruk, penyebaran penyakit berjangkit seperti taun dan malaria, serta kekurangan bekalan air bersih. Keadaan ini menuntut campur tangan kerajaan bagi mengawal situasi.
Era Seremban Sanitary Board (SSB) menandakan fasa awal pembentukan sistem kesihatan awam moden di bandar Seremban. Sebagai badan yang bertanggungjawab terhadap kebersihan, pungutan sampah, lesen pasar, pengawalan penyakit, dan pembangunan infrastruktur asas, SSB berfungsi sebagai institusi terpenting dalam memastikan kelestarian kesihatan bandar yang sedang pesat membangun.
Fungsi dan tanggungjawab Lembaga Kesihatan merangkumi penyediaan serta penyelenggaraan infrastruktur sanitasi asas, termasuk memastikan bekalan air bersih yang selamat dan mencukupi, membangunkan sistem pengurusan sisa pepejal yang teratur, serta membina dan menyelenggara rangkaian pembetungan bagi menguruskan air sisa. Selain itu, lembaga ini turut bertanggungjawab dalam penguatkuasaan peraturan berkaitan kesihatan awam, seperti kawalan standard bangunan, pemantauan penjualan makanan, dan memastikan semua peraturan kesihatan dipatuhi oleh pihak berkaitan.
A. 1896–1899: Penubuhan dan Kepimpinan Awal
Pada awal 1890-an, Seremban Sanitary Board (SSB) mula ditubuhkan dengan matlamat utama menjaga kebersihan bandar lombong, kawasan perumahan pekerja, serta membendung penularan penyakit berjangkit. Penubuhan ini menandakan permulaan kepada sebuah sistem pentadbiran tempatan yang lebih berstruktur, di samping mencerminkan kesedaran awal terhadap aspek kesihatan awam dalam pembangunan bandar.
Sebagai bandar perlombongan dan pertanian yang berkembang, Seremban sedang melalui proses pembandaran kolonial, namun infrastruktur sanitasi masih lemah. British menganggap institusi tertutup seperti penjara sebagai “high-risk population sites”, kerana penyakit boleh merebak dengan cepat dan menjejaskan imej pentadbiran.
Dalam konteks pentadbiran kesihatan awal abad ke-20, pihak British amat bimbang terhadap pelbagai wabak penyakit seperti kolera, disentri, tuberkulosis, serta penyakit pernafasan yang mudah merebak di kawasan pekerja lombong dan kawasan setinggan bandar. Seremban yang berkembang pesat sebagai bandar perlombongan dan pertanian mengalami tekanan pembangunan yang tidak seimbang dengan infrastruktur sanitasi.
Sejarah pentadbiran Seremban bermula secara rasmi dengan penubuhan Sanitary Board pada akhir abad ke-19. Pada 1896, Inspector Hennessey dilantik untuk mengurus pentadbiran awal bandar. Struktur pentadbiran masih longgar tetapi menekankan kesihatan awam.
Menjelang tahun 1899, berlaku pelantikan seorang pengerusi sementara bagi SSB, akibat ketiadaan kepimpinan tetap yang stabil. Keadaan ini memperlihatkan betapa rapatnya hubungan antara pegawai perubatan dengan pentadbiran SSB, kerana kebanyakan tugas lembaga pada ketika itu berkisar kepada isu sanitasi dan kawalan kesihatan. Pada 10 Mei 1899, Dr. H. A. Haviland dilantik sebagai Pengerusi sementara menggantikan W. Bathurst, menunjukkan kesinambungan kepimpinan dan peranan penting pegawai perubatan dalam pentadbiran bandar.
Tabel Ringkas:
Pada dekad 1900–1910, SSB digerakkan sebagai badan “municipal sanitary authority” yang menumpukan usaha kepada pembersihan parit, kawalan penyakit bawaan air seperti kolera dan disentri, serta pemantauan keadaan pemakanan dan kesihatan masyarakat yang berisiko, termasuk kes beri-beri dan wabak penyakit tropika. Pada masa yang sama, sistem pelesenan penjaja, pasar basah dan perniagaan kecil mula diperketat bagi mematuhi piawaian kebersihan kolonial.
Antara tahun 1900 hingga 1903, Seremban Sanitary Board (SSB) mula menumpukan kepada aspek pelaksanaan kebersihan melalui proses tender serta penyediaan laporan kesihatan yang lebih teratur. Langkah ini menandakan bermulanya peranan SSB sebagai badan pelaksana kebersihan bandar yang sistematik, khususnya dalam menyediakan infrastruktur asas.
Pada tahun 1904, had sempadan pentadbiran rasmi pula diwartakan, yang membolehkan bidang kuasa SSB diperluas. Tindakan ini meningkatkan kawalan bandar sekaligus memudahkan penguatkuasaan peraturan serta kutipan cukai daripada penduduk dan peniaga.
Seterusnya, antara 1905 hingga 1907, beberapa jawatan tetap diwujudkan bagi menampung beban kerja yang semakin meningkat. Langkah ini bukan sahaja memperkukuhkan struktur organisasi, tetapi juga memastikan rekod kewangan dan laporan kesihatan awam dapat dijalankan secara lebih sistematik dan konsisten.
Tabel Ringkas:
B. 1908–1915: Peluasan Fungsi dan Perundangan
Era 1908–1915 menyaksikan SSB menguatkan perundangan bandar melalui by-laws berkaitan pasar, lesen rumah tumpangan pekerja, dan kawalan bekalan air. Contohnya, permohonan gerai baru di pasar pada 14 April 1908 menunjukkan pertumbuhan ekonomi bandar. Aduan sistem longkang tersumbat pada 30 September 1908 mendorong penambahbaikan infrastruktur sanitasi.
Pada 1909, SSB meluaskan fungsi kepada pencahayaan jalan, pengurusan veterinar, dan bekalan air. Lantikan inspektor veterinar menekankan kawalan kesihatan awam melalui pengawasan penyembelihan daging. Laporan bekalan air pada 15 November 1909 mencadangkan pembinaan takungan kecil di Bukit Putus. Tahun 1910 pula menonjolkan isu cukai dan pengukuhan kewangan, termasuk kelulusan tapak rumah sembelih baru untuk kawalan kesihatan.
Menjelang 1911–1919, rekod pentadbiran SSB memperlihatkan peluasan bidang tugasnya. Laporan berkala merangkumi penilaian kebersihan bandar, kutipan yuran lesen, penyelenggaraan tandas awam, dan tindakan pencegahan sepanjang krisis Wabak Influenza 1918 yang melanda seluruh rantau Asia Tenggara. Ini juga merupakan fasa penting yang memperlihatkan hubungan rapat antara SSB dan institusi lain seperti Penjara Seremban. Dokumen arkib tahun 1909, misalnya, menunjukkan bahawa penjara dianggap sebagai instrumen kawalan kesihatan awam kerana sifatnya sebagai ruang tertutup yang mudah menjadi titik tumpuan penyebaran penyakit. Laporan sanitasi penjara bukan sahaja berfungsi sebagai rekod operasi dalaman, tetapi turut mencerminkan ideologi kolonial mengenai disiplin sosial, kebersihan wajib, dan strategi pengurusan populasi berisiko.
Tahun 1911–1915 menekankan pengurusan pasar, kontraktor kebersihan, dan pencahayaan bandar. Undang-undang rumah tumpangan pekerja pada 7 September 1912 memperlihatkan kawalan awal perumahan, manakala laporan kesihatan tahunan pada 22 November 1913 mencatat penyakit berjangkit. Perang Dunia Pertama memberi cabaran baru; mesyuarat khas pada 25 Ogos 1914 membincangkan kawalan makanan, stok perubatan, dan kesihatan awam. Pelantikan Chief Sanitary Inspector pada 27 Oktober 1915 menunjukkan formaliti dan hierarki pentadbiran yang jelas.
Tabel Ringkas:
C. 1916–1920: Kesihatan Awam Moden
Era 1916–1920 menekankan kesihatan awam moden. Laporan penambahbaikan sanitasi pada 18 Mei 1916 mencadangkan parit konkrit, kutipan sampah teratur, dan kawalan air bertakung. Pelantikan pegawai vaksinasi pada 3 November 1916 menginstitusikan langkah kesihatan awam.
Pandemik influenza 1918 (Spanish Flu) memberi tekanan besar. Panduan kawalan termasuk penutupan sekolah, semburan disinfektan, dan pengurusan hospital sementara. Pada 1919, cadangan sistem kumbahan moden disediakan, menggantikan kaedah manual lama. Tahun 1920 pula, ordinan perumahan pekerja estet dan lombong menetapkan standard kebersihan lebih tinggi, menunjukkan kaitan langsung antara kesihatan, ekonomi, dan produktiviti kolonial.
Tabel Ringkas:
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D. 1921–1923: Pembangunan Bandar dan Kawalan Ekonomi
Tabel Ringkas:
E. Implikasi Terhadap Penduduk Bandar dan Luar Bandar
Bagi penduduk bandar, Seremban Sanitary Board (SSB) memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan kesihatan awam melalui penyediaan sistem longkang, pengurusan pembuangan sampah, pemantauan bekalan air bersih, kawalan pasar, serta penyediaan laporan penyakit. Usaha-usaha ini menjadikan bandar Seremban lebih tersusun, selesa didiami, dan menyokong pertumbuhan ekonomi yang lebih mantap.
Bagi penduduk luar bandar pula, impak SSB lebih bersifat tidak langsung tetapi tetap signifikan, melalui peningkatan kesedaran mengenai amalan kebersihan, pematuhan undang-undang, serta perlindungan daripada penyakit. Kawalan pasar dan lesen perniagaan yang dikuatkuasakan juga memberi kesan kepada peniaga luar bandar yang datang ke bandar untuk menjual hasil pertanian atau barangan kraf, manakala pengumpulan statistik vital membolehkan pihak berkuasa merancang langkah pencegahan yang memberi manfaat kepada komuniti luar bandar walaupun pelaksanaannya lebih lambat berbanding bandar.
Secara keseluruhan, SSB berperanan sebagai pemangkin perubahan sosial, ekonomi, dan kesihatan di seluruh daerah Seremban, sekaligus meletakkan asas bagi evolusi pentadbiran tempatan yang lebih sistematik pada dekad-dekad berikutnya.
F. Pembentukan Struktur Organisasi
Antara 1900–1910, SSB mula mengukuhkan struktur organisasi dan bidang kuasa. Pada 1 Januari 1900, tender kerja awam dibuka untuk pembersihan parit, longkang, jalan raya, penyelenggaraan pasar, dan projek kecil dengan kontraktor tempatan. Kajian kesihatan awam menyoroti risiko penyakit seperti malaria, taun, dan disentri, dengan cadangan memperbaiki parit konkrit dan kawalan premis. Cadangan perluasan kawasan pentadbiran Seremban termasuk lombong, estet getah, dan kampung sekitarnya bagi memperluas kuasa kutipan cukai, kawalan lesen, dan penyelenggaraan jalan.
Sejak 1904, struktur pentadbiran menjadi lebih formal: sempadan kawasan pentadbiran diwartakan pada 7 Jun 1904; elaun khas diberikan kepada pegawai sementara yang menjalankan tugas setiausaha (30 Julai 1904); dan pekeliling rasmi negeri pada 31 Disember 1904 memantapkan kawalan SSB terhadap cukai, kebersihan, dan lesen perniagaan.
Antara tahun 1897 hingga 1922, struktur pentadbiran bawahan Seremban Sanitary Board (SSB) masih ringkas dan terbatas, dengan hanya dua lapisan jelas iaitu kumpulan teknikal yang terdiri daripada pemeriksa kesihatan, juruvaksin serta kerani, manakala lapisan kedua pula ialah buruh manual seperti pekerja kebersihan dan pengangkut najis. Tumpuan utama mereka berpusat pada usaha sanitasi bandar, termasuk menjaga kebersihan jalan dan pasar, mengutip serta membuang najis melalui sistem baldi, dan mengawal penyebaran penyakit berjangkit seperti cacar, malaria, dan kolera yang kerap melanda pada era tersebut.
Pada 1905–1907, jawatan tetap seperti Secretary dan Sanitary Inspector diwujudkan. Permohonan menambah kerani Gred III dan lantikan inspektor bagi memastikan penguatkuasaan lesen, kebersihan, dan premis berjalan lancar menunjukkan beban kerja yang meningkat dan profesionalisme awal birokrasi tempatan.
Dari sudut ekonomi, wujud jurang ketara antara gaji pekerja teknikal dan buruh manual, di mana golongan buruh hanya menerima sekitar $6 hingga $12 sebulan, sedangkan pemeriksa kesihatan memperoleh bayaran lebih tinggi kerana status mereka sebagai pegawai. Walaupun kecil bilangannya, staf bawahan ini menjadi nadi pembangunan awal Seremban, kerana melalui kerja rutin mereka lahirlah asas urbanisasi bandar—khususnya dalam penyediaan prasarana kebersihan dan kesihatan awam—yang memungkinkan Seremban berkembang sebagai pusat pentadbiran moden di Negeri Sembilan.
Dalam kesinambungan sejarah pentadbiran bandar Seremban, staf bawahan memainkan peranan penting sejak zaman Sanitary Board (SSB) lagi. Pada era SSB, tumpuan utama staf bawahan ialah kepada kebersihan dan kesihatan awam, sejajar dengan mandat lembaga yang menekankan kawalan penyakit, kebersihan pasar, serta penyelenggaraan asas perparitan dan pengangkutan najis. Buruh kebersihan, pekerja angkut najis, serta pemeriksa kesihatan menjadi tulang belakang operasi, sementara kerani dan jurutaip membantu dari sudut rekod pentadbiran. Namun, struktur ini agak ringkas, terhad kepada lapisan yang kecil kerana fungsi SSB lebih bersifat kesihatan awam dan peraturan sanitasi semata-mata.
G. Beberapa Contoh Fail SSB daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia
Pada tahun 1900, Sanitary Board Negeri Sembilan telah mengambil langkah awal dalam memperkukuh pengurusan buruh dan kawasan pentadbiran. Dokumen “Gratuity to Suppudu, Conservancy Cooly” (1 Jan 1900) mencatatkan pemberian ganjaran kepada pekerja konservansi, atau cooly, yang memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan kebersihan bandar awal Seremban. Ini menunjukkan bahawa Sanitary Board telah membentuk struktur pengurusan pekerja asing untuk mengekalkan standard kebersihan bandar. Pada tarikh yang sama, dokumen “Extension of Sanitary Board Limits in Temiang Area” menandakan usaha pengembangan wilayah pentadbiran bagi menguatkuasakan kawalan sanitasi. Penambahan kawasan ini memberi implikasi bahawa pertumbuhan bandar mula menuntut perhatian lebih terhadap kebersihan awam.
Menjelang 1903, proses lantikan pegawai Sanitary Inspector mula diperincikan. Dokumen “Mr. E. Bodestyne – Application for Post of Sanitary Inspector” (6 Jan 1903) menunjukkan bahawa jawatan ini memerlukan kelayakan formal dan wujud pertukaran pegawai antara negeri, membuktikan bahawa Sanitary Board mula membina sistem pengurusan sumber manusia yang lebih profesional.
Pada 1904, keperluan untuk jurubahasa menjadi penting. Dalam dokumen “Chinese Interpreters in the S.B Department” (7 Jun 1904), penglibatan pegawai Cina untuk mengurus buruh Cina dan operasi bandar menunjukkan kepelbagaian sosial dan linguistik dalam pentadbiran. Selain itu, dokumen “Bill for $696.31 for Surveying and Supplying Plans” (13 Okt 1904) menunjukkan penglibatan Sanitary Board dalam projek infrastruktur, termasuk pembinaan dan perancangan bangunan, membuktikan bahawa tanggungjawab mereka merangkumi aspek teknikal dan kewangan.
Pada 1905, dokumen “Supplementary Warrant No.5/5 for $2 for Purchases” (14 Feb 1905) menunjukkan pengurusan barangan pejabat, termasuk peralatan minor, menandakan bahawa operasi pentadbiran juga meliputi keperluan rutin. Seterusnya, pada 1906, dokumen “Authority to Pay $59.61 for Demarcating Sanitary Board Limits” (23 Jun 1906) menekankan kepentingan kawalan wilayah fizikal untuk tujuan penguatkuasaan undang-undang tempatan dan penyelenggaraan kebersihan.
Pada 1907, pengurusan peruntukan kewangan diperluas kepada infrastruktur elektrik. Dokumen “Applies for a Supplement of $1000 to the Vote 'Lighting'” (14 Sep 1907) menunjukkan Sanitary Board turut bertanggungjawab terhadap pencahayaan awam, bukan sekadar kebersihan, mencerminkan peranan mereka dalam pembangunan bandar awal.
Pada 1909, kuasa penguatkuasaan Sanitary Board kelihatan lebih jelas melalui dokumen “Refuse of the Sanitary Board to Grant Him a License” (16 Feb 1909), yang menunjukkan kawalan terhadap perniagaan atau aktiviti awam yang boleh mempengaruhi kebersihan. Tambahan pula, laporan berkala “Quarterly Return of the Sanitary State of Seremban” (21 Apr 1909) memperlihatkan pemantauan kesihatan awam dan status sanitasi bandar, membuktikan pengawasan formal terhadap kebersihan awam.
Memasuki 1910, pentadbiran teknikal dan struktur gaji pegawai mula diperincikan. Dokumen “Vacant Appointment of Clerk of Works, Sanitary Board” (12 Sep 1910) menunjukkan bahawa Sanitary Board bukan sahaja mengurus operasi lapangan tetapi juga projek pembinaan dan penyelenggaraan. Sementara itu, “Certificate of Recommendation for Increment of Salary” (21 Jun 1910) memperlihatkan struktur pengurusan gaji yang formal, dan “Application from Hospital Assistant Mr. T.A. Menon” (27 Mei 1910) menunjukkan hubungan erat Sanitary Board dengan hospital, menekankan peranan mereka dalam kesihatan awam dan kerjasama perubatan.
🔵 1910 — Kekosongan Jawatan “Clerk of Works” & Pembangunan Infrastruktur Bandar
Pada 12 September 1910, Sanitary Board Seremban (SSB) merekodkan kekosongan jawatan Clerk of Works, satu posisi kritikal yang mengurus kerja-kerja teknikal bandar seperti pembinaan parit, pemulihan sistem saliran, penyelenggaraan jalan, dan pemeriksaan struktur bangunan awam. Ketiadaan pegawai ini memberi gambaran bahawa SSB sedang mengurus jumlah projek yang meningkat, khususnya dalam konteks pembandaran Seremban yang pesat sejak awal abad ke-20. Pada tahun-tahun ini, lesen kedai dan gerai turut diperluas, menyebabkan peningkatan trafik perniagaan di pusat bandar, sekali gus meningkatkan keperluan terhadap infrastruktur asas. Kekosongan jawatan tersebut menunjukkan beban kerja yang tinggi dan menandakan era di mana bandar Seremban sedang berkembang dari simpang kereta api kolonial kepada pusat pentadbiran moden.
Pada 1915, perhatian terhadap disiplin dan kesejahteraan pegawai jelas melalui dua dokumen. “Carelessness and Neglect of Duty by Tengku” (12 Mei 1915) mencatatkan kesalahan disiplin, menunjukkan standard tugas dan pengawasan pekerja yang formal, manakala “Furniture for Quarters No. 49 Circular Road” (1 Mei 1915) menekankan perhatian terhadap keselesaan dan standard hidup pegawai.
🔵 1915 — Kuarters No. 49 Circular Road & Struktur Perkhidmatan SSB
Pada 1 Mei 1915, SSB meluluskan perolehan perabot bagi melengkapkan Kuarters No. 49 Circular Road, kediaman rasmi pegawai Sanitary Board. Peruntukan kuarters ini menandakan bahawa SSB telah mempunyai perkhidmatan tetap yang memerlukan pegawai tinggal berhampiran pusat operasi. Pada masa ini juga, SSB semakin memperluas fungsi pengawasan bandar—termasuk pemeriksaan kebersihan kedai makanan, premis penjaja, serta rumah tumpangan (lodging houses) yang semakin banyak di Seremban. Keperluan kuarters rasmi menunjukkan peningkatan kakitangan teknikal serta pegawai pemeriksa kesihatan (Sanitary Inspectors) untuk menangani pertumbuhan populasi dan aktiviti bandar. Selain itu, Seremban turut dilaporkan mengalami peningkatan kes malaria dan beri-beri sekitar 1914–1916, menyebabkan kawalan kesihatan awam menjadi komponen penting dalam operasi harian SSB.
🔵 1916 / 1917 — Establishment Lists 1917 & Pengukuhan Struktur Organisasi
Dokumen bertarikh 11 Disember 1916, iaitu Establishment Lists 1917, menunjukkan organisasi SSB yang semakin kompleks. Senarai ini merakamkan gred jawatan, tangga gaji, jumlah pegawai, dan pembahagian kerja yang merangkumi Setiausaha, Clerk of Works, Sanitary Inspectors, pembantu teknikal, tukang parit (drainage coolies), serta pekerja kebersihan bandar. Dalam konteks infrastruktur bandar, era ini menyaksikan pembangunan sistem saliran utama di kawasan pasar, pembinaan jambatan kecil di sepanjang laluan komersial, serta program besar-besaran penghapusan “kawasan pembiakan nyamuk” selepas beberapa siri wabak malaria yang menjejaskan kawasan lombong dan petempatan berhampiran sungai. Rekod lesen turut meningkat, khususnya bagi pasar harian, kedai runcit, dan kedai makan, menuntut SSB menguatkuasakan pemeriksaan lebih ketat terhadap kesihatan makanan.
Selepas itu, pada 1918, dokumen “Certain Change in Holders of Appointments in the Sanitary Board” (9 Jan 1918) menunjukkan reorganisasi jawatan pegawai, menandakan struktur pentadbiran masih fleksibel mengikut keperluan operasi. Akhirnya, pada 1921, pegawai sementara dilantik sebagai setiausaha (“Officer Officiating as Secretary, Sanitary Board” 19 Mac 1921), memperlihatkan adaptasi pentadbiran terhadap kekosongan jawatan dan keperluan operasi yang berterusan.
🔵 1921 — Pelantikan Sementara Setiausaha SSB & Keperluan Kepimpinan Pentadbiran
Rekod bertarikh 19 Mac 1921 melaporkan pelantikan seorang pegawai untuk memangku jawatan Setiausaha Sanitary Board. Pertukaran atau kekosongan jawatan ini menggambarkan tekanan pentadbiran yang sedang meningkat. Setiausaha bertanggungjawab menyelaras semua operasi teras SSB—termasuk pengeluaran lesen penjaja, penyediaan laporan penyakit bandar, penyelarasan projek pembetungan, pembinaan jalan kecil (minor municipal roads), serta perancangan pembaikan kawasan pasar. Pada awal dekad 1920-an, Seremban mengalami intensifikasi ekonomi pasca-perang dunia pertama, menyebabkan peningkatan aktiviti perdagangan dan pergerakan penduduk. Ini membawa kesan langsung kepada penyebaran penyakit bawaan air, terutamanya disentri dan kolera, yang direkodkan di bandar-bandar Negeri Sembilan, memaksa SSB menambah bilangan pemeriksa kesihatan serta mengatur semula keutamaan dalam kawalan wabak.
Penutup
Secara keseluruhan, era 1890 hingga 1923 menandakan fasa penting dalam sejarah pentadbiran bandar Seremban, di mana Sanitary Board (SSB) berkembang daripada sebuah jawatankuasa kebersihan asas kepada institusi pentadbiran yang lebih kompleks dan strategik. Sepanjang tempoh ini, SSB bukan sahaja memastikan bandar bersih dan sihat, tetapi turut mengawal pasaran, cukai, dan pembangunan ekonomi serta menyediakan asas bagi perancangan bandar moden. Usaha-usaha ini memberi impak langsung kepada penduduk bandar dan kesan tidak langsung kepada komuniti luar bandar, sekaligus membentuk kesedaran kolektif tentang kepentingan kesihatan awam dan tadbir urus yang teratur.
Transformasi ini bukan sahaja mencerminkan visi kolonial terhadap pembangunan bandar, tetapi juga meletakkan asas kukuh bagi pembentukan Town Board dan pentadbiran tempatan yang lebih sistematik pada dekad-dekad berikutnya, menjadikan Seremban sebagai contoh awal bandar yang terurus dan berdaya tahan dalam menghadapi cabaran sosial, ekonomi, dan kesihatan awam. Wallahualam.
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| Suasana di pekarangan Sekolah Convent di Seremban di awal penubuhannya |
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| Taman Tasik Seremban era awal 1900-an |
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| Pasar Seremban dalam tahun 1910 |
Federated Malay States Annual Reports, 1897–1922, Kuala Lumpur: Government Printer, Bab Finance dan Sanitation.
Negeri Sembilan Sanitary Board Proceedings, 1897–1922, Arkib Negara Malaysia, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan.
Roff, W.R., The Origins of Malay Nationalism, Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 1967, pp. 45–48.
Gullick, J.M., The Story of Negri Sembilan, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 52–56.
Sundara Raja, S., Labour and the Colonial State in Malaya, Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 2014, pp. 60–64.
Straits Settlements Blue Books, 1905–1935, Bab Finance & Local Government.
Colonial Office Records, CO 717 & CO 273, The National Archives, Kew, London.
Bibliografi
Books & Monographs
Gullick, J.M., 1988. The Story of Negri Sembilan. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
Roff, W.R., 1967. The Origins of Malay Nationalism. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.
Sundara Raja, S., 2014. Labour and the Colonial State in Malaya. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.
Nagata, J., 1979. The Reflowering of Malaysian Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
Government Reports & Official Publications
Federated Malay States Annual Reports, 1897–1922. Kuala Lumpur: Government Printer.
Negeri Sembilan Sanitary Board Proceedings, 1897–1922. Arkib Negara Malaysia, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan.
Colonial Office Records, CO 717 & CO 273. The National Archives, Kew, London.
Straits Settlements Blue Books, 1905–1935. Bab Finance & Local Government.
Negeri Sembilan Government Gazette, 1897–1922. Arkib Negara Malaysia, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan.
Newspapers & Periodicals
The Straits Times, Singapore, 10 May 1899. “Temporary Chairman of Seremban Sanitary Board.”
Malaya Tribune dan Singapore Free Press, 1897–1922.
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The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (Weekly) / Article1 February 1898 - Mr. and Mrs. James Miller are to arrive by the outward mail. Mr. R. N Crum Ewing has been appointed secretary of the Seremban Sanitary Board. The Tanjong Pagar Dock Co. advertise for a Secretary, applications to be made in writing to Mr. Thus. Scolt. The236 words
The Straits Budget / Article22 July 1898 - HINDOO PltEjr DICKS. The Sanitary Board at Seremban considered, the other day, the question of beef selling in the market there. Mr. Hill said that the feelings of the Hindoos should be carefully considered, and a Sikh member remarked that the mixing of beef and vegetables in the61 words
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (Weekly) / Article29 December 1898 - JULY— DEC, 1898. Leading Articles. The War, The American Squadron for Spain 1 Reiner's CD O. Blunder, Work in the Courts, Camara at Port Said, Britain's Methods with China, 2 The Land Battle at Santiago, 2 The Nav.;l Victory at Santiago, 2 Sampson's Victory, Camara and the Canal, I77,390 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article22 March 1899 - The improvements in Seremban town since Mr. Birch became resident have been most marked. The old mud and aitap houses have been pulled down and replaced by substantial brick buildings. Indeed, judging from the number of new buildings still in course of erection, quite a wave of141 words
The Straits Budget / Article23 March 1899 - At Seremban, the Sanitary Board has under consideration a suggestion that a notice-board should be erected there near the market-place, on which planters might advertise for the labourers of which they were in need. Each planter desirous of using the noticeboard would rent a portion of the155 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article10 May 1899 - Doctor H. A. Haviland, says the Mala* Mail, is now temporarily acting for Mr. W. Bathurst as chairman of the Sereinhan sanitary board. The latter gentleman has so much to do in the land office and in the collection of land rents in the outdistricts that he64 words
The Straits Times / Article22 September 1900 - WORK OK Til K H'.I.FYEAK. At the special general meeting of the Chamber ot Commerce ymtterda), the Chairman (Mr. W. P. Waddell) gave. munii ol the various matters of importance that had come under the notice »l the Chamber during the past -it months: He said1,484 words
The Straits Budget / Article29 September 1900 - WORK OF THE HALF-YEAR. At the special general meeting of the Chamber ot Commerce yesterday, the Chairman (Mr. W. P. Waddell) gave a resume of the various matters of importance that had come under the notice of the Chamber during the past six months He said:1,457 words
The Straits Budget / Article10 November 1900 - To-day is Guy Fawke’s Day. Remember, Remember,” etc. The British hospital ship Carthage passed through at 4.30 p m. on Saturday. The Dowager-Empress Frederick of Germany is suffering from a kidney complaint. The revenue of Sarawak in 1901 is estimated of $862,829. The outlay is set at1,476 words
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) / Advertisement12 March 1901 - W/ANTED tor Borneo. Overseer (European) W with experience m handling coolies, time- d keeping &c. Apply to M.K., c/o Free Press. J Mar 6 uc AN experienced merchant, German, Dutch and English correspondent, good book-keeper and acquainted with Estate work, wants to change position. J., c/o Free Press. Mar 7717 words
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) / Advertisement13 March 1901 - J q lIW fl it fm WOBCESI£ES!!IRE SAacE PURVEYORS TO EMPRESS OF INDIA. CELEBRATED OILMAN'S STORES. Tinr V *sir* *3 JL. /t Or Aw IL/H r£L L. tBsB SMART DISPENSER WANTED f* 001-) Salary to a good man. Apply M., r 0 Free Prm Office. Mar 12 15.3 WANTED A1,396 words
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) / Advertisement14 March 1901 - AN experienced merchant, German, Dutch and English correspondent, good book-keeper and acquainted with Estate work, wants to change position. J., c/o Free Press. Mar 7 tuths 15.3 WANTED a Tutor to give lessons m Banjo, to two persons. Apply Office Raffles Hotel. Mar. 13 uc SMART DISPENSER WANTED GOOD Salary762 words
The Straits Budget / Article4 April 1901 - The Sbn'ord Osborne arrived yesterday from the Straits of Malacca. The final shoot for S. U. casuals will take place at Balestier on Sunday, the 14th inst. A case of small-pox occurred on board the British steamer Siam during the trip down from Hongkong with immigrants. This1,335 words
The Straits Times / Article20 June 1901 - {Uy a Cfjrrerpoi.deiU.) mh June. Ui. see that Mr. George Maxwell has succeeded in catching a nine foot crocodile which with two or three otherß lias been lyiug in the lake adjoining tiie I'ublic gardens iv Taipiug, Mr. Maxwell has been lying low" for these brutes810 words
The Straits Budget / Article22 June 1901 - (By a Correspondent.) 16th June. We see that Mr. George Maxwell has succeeded in catching a nine foot crocodile which with two or three others has been lying in the lake adjoining the Public gardens in Taiping, Mr. Maxwell has been 44 lying low Tor these841 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article4 July 1901 - Mu. Sam L Bkki-.sfokd’s Company is advertised to perform at the down Hail on Saturday night. The valve of th- < i-ffee expprte I from Selangor rose from $433,273 in 1S99 to $689 309 in 1900. The Resident of Perak opened the Pad trig Rengas R lilway1,025 words
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) / Advertisement23 July 1901 - WANTED by a young pwaon (English) a j situation a» mai«\ or children mad. Understand* dressmaking. Address E. A. 8., c/o Free Press. July 20 ROOMS, with Board, w-th English family elo_e to Tb'-.a. Good tennis ground and stabling. Terms moderate. Apply to B. C c/o Frte Press. July 10999 words
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) / Advertisement24 July 1901 - WANTED by a young person (English) a situation as maid, or children's maid. Understands drt»smnking. Address E. A. 8., c/o Free Press. July 20 ROOMS, with Board, with Ikglhfc family close to Town. (Jood tennis ground and stabling, i Terms moderate. Apply to B. c/o Free Press. Idly l.» 10.8871 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Advertisement24 July 1901 - Hanks. Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij. NETHERLANDS TRADING SOCIETY. Established 1824. Paid-up Capital f. 35.783,600 (abt. £3.000,000, Reserve Fund...!. 2,958,000 (abt. 246,500! Head Office in Amsterdam Head Agency in Batavia, Branches: Singapore, Rangoon, Medan! (Deli), Samarang, Sourabaya, Padang. Cherefl bon,legal, Pecalongan, Pasoeroean,Tjilatjap, Goronfalo, Palembang. Correspondents at Bombay, Colombo, Madras, Pondicherry, Calcutta, Bangkok)909 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Advertisement25 July 1901 - NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD. A Jk. «MMTAII UK W STE»«HS. Nippon Yusen Kaisba. A SaUin S °> Sllamm c, IM. J k ‘~*t Home Comforts. I For Will Sail Steamer. From Expected on 11 I Moderate and Inclusive Terms. II I Full information at the office of this Paper If* 1 J1,999 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Advertisement26 July 1901 - NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD. «w», rbto. ...j NEfiAPATAM LINE OF STEAMERS. Nippon YtISOR Koisho. Boar Kuala Lumpur, salary 4 6Sper IW I I Applications ith copies of recent testiWgi\ X Intended Sailing and expected Arrival Ot Steamers. JAPAN MAIL STEAMSHIP Co., Ltd. monials shouldbe sent before 6th August, ifMlgik 'oat *b Ol2,426 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article2 August 1901 - Everything that Dr. Braddon writes is worth serious consideration, and his recent report on the Medical Department ol the State of Negri Sembilan fir 1990 is no exception to this rule. We therefore feel some regret that the report is not publi-hed in its entirety in1,985 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article26 August 1901 - Appointments, &c. Mr. F. E. Taylor, to act as Assistant District Officer, Kuala Langat. The name of Mr. Stanley Arden is added to the Committee of Management of the Public Gardens, Kuala Lumpur, for the year 1901Mr. H. C. Faxon, Assistant Engineer, Seremban Railway Extension, has been granted a370 words
The Straits Budget / Article12 October 1901 - 5 th October. Vpvt the Senior Clerk in the Ir (ieneral’s office in Kuala b<* lden r las boating on the Lake with LulD fiJnds a few days ago unfort.uthe boat upset and Mr. Keyt, nateii> od swimmer, was drowned. hoU P two swam safely to1,464 words
The Straits Times / Article24 March 1902 - Tuesday 18th March. Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Campbell and Miss Taylor returned to the Residency, Seremban, on Thursday evening. Mr. and M/s. Bede Cox have gone back to Jelebu. Mr. W. A. Scott arrived in Seremban la«t week and is duly installed in the Land and677 words
The Straits Budget / Article26 March 1902 - Tuesday 18 th March. Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Campbell and Miss Taylor returned to the Residency, Seremban, on Thursday evening. Mr. and Mrs. Bede Cox have gone back to Jelebu. Mr. W. A. Scott arrived in Seremban last week and is duly installed in the Land675 words
The Straits Times / Advertisement1 April 1902 - NOTICES. BUHOD DJONQ CLUB. THE Committee ;ir« open to receive offers for the pORt of permanent Secretary to ihe Club. The appointment world include <iuariers and the liberty to take up iiut-ide uurk. A good steady nine would be encouraged. Application should be addressed to tlie Committee at Seremban. v.c.750 words
The Straits Times / Article2 April 1902 - IsWea 2oth. Mk. Erdkn, having ''sat" successfully upon his cases in Seremban, has returned to Kuala Lumpor. We understand that for the future Mr. Ebden as Chief Magistrate will exercise his prerogative and clear the Rest-house in Seremban when he comes on Session. It seems more902 words
The Straits Budget / Article3 April 1902 - March 25th. Mr. Ebden, having “sat” successfully upon his cases in Seremban, has returned to Kuala Lumpor. We understand that for the future Mr. Ebden as Chief Magistrate will exercise his prerogative and clear the Rest-house in Seremban when he comes on Session. It seems more904 words
The Straits Times / Article15 May 1902 - The following appoint nents ive just been gazetted in Negri Sembilan Mr. W. N.Cosgrave, executive engineer, 4'h grade, to be an executive engineer of the 3rd grade in the Public Works Department. Mr. J. W. Simmons, cadet, to act as secretary to the Sanitary Board, Seremban, and as registrar of52 words
The Straits Budget / Article21 May 1902 - The British North Borneo Police continent *-iiU tor London by the Prinzess Irene on Monday next. It is reported from New York that the Morgan Shipping “combine” has business intentions in the Orient also. From 10 a in. yesterday, till the same hour this morning, six fatal1,741 words
The Straits Budget / Article2 July 1902 - June 1 st. Mb. Wise has been away in the District nearly the whole of the week, returning on Friday afternoon. Mr. Ebden has been holding court, both at Port Dickson and Seremban during the week. Messrs Hewgill and Joaquim have also been in Sungei Ujong418 words
The Straits Times / Article8 July 1902 - July sth. Mr. It. St. G. Caulfbild is inspecting in Sungei I'jonij at present, and lias been staying with Mr. Wise since Wednesday last. Mr. and Mrs. Heslop Hill returned to Bukit Sanaa from Singapore on Sunday, where they had been staying with the Governor. Messrs.1,006 words
The Straits Budget / Article10 July 1902 - July 5th. Mr. 11. St. G. Caulfeild is inspecting in Sungei Ujong at present, and has been staying with Mr. Wise since Wednesday last. Mr. and Mrs. Heslop Hill returned to Bukit Nanas from Singapore on Sunday, where they had been staying with the Governor. Messrs.1,006 words
The Straits Budget / Article2 October 1902 - There are now nine motor-cars in Selangor. The port of Bezuki is notified to be no longer infected by cholera. It is reported that the cause of Mr. A. H. Stephens’ death was pneumonia combined with bronchitis. A polo team from Singapore has been invited to play1,480 words
The Straits Times / Article31 October 1902 - 27th 0-tob'r. Captain Rivis, Malay States Guides, and Mrs. Rivis have left the Native States for home. Mr. \V. H. Dinsmore has been appointed Ma^ibtrate of the second class for Seremban Town and District. Mr. Hervey Caldicott has been gran ted fifteen days' extension of leave.835 words
The Straits Budget / Article5 November 1902 - 27 th Octol>er. Captain Rivis, Malay States Guides, and Mrs. Rivis have left the Native States for home. Mr. W. H. Dinsmore has been appointed Magistrate of the second class for Seremban Town and District. Mr. Hervey Caldicott has been granted fifteen days’ extension of leave.852 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article27 November 1902 - The Church Work Association is raising subs -riptions for a Christmas tree for the girls of tho St. George’s School, un i is going about it in a very sensible way*, file subscriptions are limited to one d- liar, a sum which everybody can well afford,1,275 words
The Straits Budget / Article19 March 1903 - The Rajah of Sarawak has appointed Mr. G. Hourant to be Inspector of Police there to date from Ist January. The homeward M. M. packet Annam will probably leave Singapore on Monday, the 16th instant, at about 4 p.m. The police launch B:*ani ran into a steamer1,783 words
The Straits Budget / Article8 April 1903 - (Straits Timrs, 71 h April) Last week we published a rather elaborate article on the trials that a rikisha is subj *cted to when being tested for service ibility by the peons «»f the H C. &J. Department. In that connection it should be explained, however, that while(Straits Timrs, 71 h April) - 6,642 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article3 July 1903 - Ii i® {rcquctiilv and not without a certain amount of justice, that the Government starves Penang to pander to Singapore. If money is required for public purposes or enterprises of a public character the Sister Settlement has only to ask to receive, while poor Penang almost2,137 words
The Straits Times / Advertisement4 July 1903 - NOTICES. SHORTHAND and typewriting cle k want d. flood prospects. Apply to C. W co Strait* Times. v c, QUPBRINTKN DENT wanted forageneral O jobbing shop, construction ana repair of bicycles. Apply giving references to H. c/o StraiU Times. 11-7 A PPLICAIIONB are invited for tbe J\. p sition of664 words
The Straits Times / Advertisement6 July 1903 - NOTICES. SHUiITHAN J) and typewriting cle k want' d. Good proapeeU. Apply to 0. W. c/o Straits Tim**. u.O, duFEKINTENDKNT wanted for agenefal O jobbing shop, construction ana repair of bicycle*. Apply giving references to H. C. c/o titraiti Time*. 11-7 APPLICATIONS are invited for the p sition of Architpctnra661 words
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884-1942) / Advertisement8 July 1903 - aubfrttsfmrnta. WANTED ShortWiind and typewriting clerk. Good rospecta. Apply to E. W. A., c o Free Prefiß." Jane 30 uc Wanted Furnished house al»ut July 15th, by wo gentlmaen. Address E. D.. c o "Free Press." June 25 oc WANTED a Chinese Clerk and a utorekeeper. t Christmas Island. Apply1,005 words
The Straits Times / Advertisement8 July 1903 - NOTUttS. HORTHAND and typewriting da k want d. Good prospect*. Apply to C. W c/o Straits Time*. v.c, UPERINTEN DRNT wanted foragenefal O jobbing *hop, construction and repair o' bicycle*. Apply giving reference* to H. C. c/o Strait* Times. U-7 A PPLICAHOSb are invited for the J\ p nition of658 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article5 September 1903 - (From a Correspondent.) Kimla Lumpur, Ist September. Tm Methodists Girls’ School is making arrangements for opening a boarding establishment, which I hear will supply a long f e lt want. liiF attention of our miners is now t te l to Batang Benar in Negri Sembi- j',7, where801 words
The Straits Budget / Article17 September 1903 - —Pinang Gazette. A Commission has been appointed consisting of Dt Daniell, the Dbectcr of t1 e Pathological Institute as President. Dr. Travers the State Surgeon and Mr. Kenny the State Engineer, to investigate the causes of several cases of consumption amongst the Postal staff in Kuala Lumpur. The—Pinang Gazette. - 186 words
The Straits Times / Article23 October 1903 - Kikilu Lumpur, Iflft Od. Tow kav Leong Ah Chong, the famous Perak contractor, has secured a contract to erect two sets of quarters for the Railway officials, costing nearly $14,000. The Railway authorities have it under contemplation to erect a mammoth workshop in Seremban, which will probably be246 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article27 October 1903 - (From our Correspondent.) Kuala Lumpur, 23rd October. European Warder Pharaoh from Batu Gajah has arrived in Seremban, to act as Gaoler there. The Victoria Institution will equip a first class laboratory in the new extension, which w’ill shortly be completed. It is said that the Sanitary Board will226 words
Straits Echo / Advertisement2 December 1903 - No. 10/11. Posada Tarragonas, doz. §lO, bot. $0.90 a Club, Dry Champagne, Periquex, Babies. §44 case, 4 doz., Sll doz. WANTED. XVTANTED by the Public Works De- partment, Sarawak, Telephone Foreman capable of taking charge of installation and repairing work. Apply to the Hon. the Resident. Kuching, Sarawak, giving references2,324 words
The Straits Times / Article15 December 1903 - {Malay Mail Seremban is indeed looking up This happy, though somewhat compact, township, is most rapidly and vigorously growing. The activity in building operations is of some magnitude. Every gap between shop- houses in the various streets is filled up with deoer.t buildings: while in some place?, kampong349 words
The Straits Budget / Article16 December 1903 - (Sfcmk Tints, uth December.) Civiubatiok and Christianiwtionll entirely dutuct terms, though fro" comment, made and letters received anent the episode of the Dalvey R oa 1 house boys,” who sat by and watched the frog-catcher perish in a swamn Thursday without attempting to drag him out, one would(Sfcmk Tints, uth December.) - 5,008 words
Straits Echo / Article5 January 1904 - (From Our Correspondent.) Taiping, 28th Dec. I Taiping seems somewhat descried with the departure of the Penang visitors and the absence of CM. Walker, Mr. Bratt, Mr. and Mrs. Douglas and others, who have goue to Kuala Lumpur for the races. Major Yanrenen and Captain and Mrs. Barratt are654 words
The Straits Echo (Mail Edition) / Article8 January 1904 - (Fivm Our Correspondent.) TaH’INo, 28th Dec.—Taipipg seems somewhat deserted with the departure of the Penang visitors and the absence of Cul. Walker, Mr. Bratt, Mr. and Mrs. Douglas nhd others, who have gone to Kuala Lumpur for tins laces. Major Vanrenen and Captain and Mrs. Barratt are also away.599 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article9 January 1904 - Two new Cadets have arrived from home for the Negri Sembilan. Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Douglass have returned from Kuala Lumpur. Mr. W. L. Conlay has been appointed Chairman of the Seremban Sanitary Board. Mr. B. Hickey, has been appointed Dist rict Surveyor, Pahang, with effect from403 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article14 January 1904 - Kuala Lumpur, 12th January. The Federal Geologist is on duty in Pahang. Mr. G. J. Henbrey of the Sempan Tin Mining Co., is on a short visit to India. The Biograph Company have gone to Seremban where they will make a lengthy stay. The horses that are being446 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Advertisement8 February 1904 - 42 I'lU -A (lii ITt I f.l'HU'lltS. Municipal Notice. The next ordinary meeting of the Municipal Commissioners WILL BE HELD AT THE MUNICIPAL OFFICE, On Friday, the 12th February, at 8 p.m. R. P. PHILLIPS, Sec ret a i y. Wanted for the Dindings. A CLERK, in the Forest Department.695 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article8 February 1904 - SELANGOR. Kuala Lumpur, 4th Feb. 1904. Mr. Loke Chow Thye is, I am glad to say, much improved. Mrs. Chow Thye is now on the sick list. The Chief Police Officer is doing a visit to Ulu Langat. His presence there will cause a feeling945 words
Straits Echo / Advertisement9 February 1904 - WANTED. Consulate for the Netherlands. NOTICE. Government Farms in Acheen and Dependencies. A CHINESE Manager for a general store in the Native States. Good salary and a handsome commission will be gi'en according to qualification. Apply stating experience to “STOKE” 3-2-04 05 c/o Strait* Echo. WANTED. Farm having the right2,165 words
Straits Echo / Advertisement10 February 1904 - WANTED FOR THE DINDINGS. A CLERK in the Forest Department. The salary attached to the post is S25 per month. Applicants must l>e able to read and write Malay. Apply to W. FOX, Supdt. of Forests <{- Gardens, Penang. 4-2-04 1 wk. 102 FOR SALE. JAMES BDCHANAN h C.o’s “HOUSE1,520 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article29 February 1904 - From Our Oicn Correspondents.) PERAK. Tai pi ng, 25 th Feb. The Government have offered the Taiping Recreation Club a piece of land for recreation purposes on condition that it is kept clear and in good sanitary condition, subject to the requirements of the Sanitary1,369 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article10 March 1904 - (From our own Correspondent».) PERAK. Taipi.ig. Bth Match. Mr». Cau’fefld liHs hft for Ceylon where she intends to p-ss s<>me 1 t'le time oh one of 'he Saui'oriuu s at Nuwaia Eliya. Miss I‘alui-i, Mai roti of the Genein! Hospital was hastiy summoned to Bam G1,244 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article18 March 1904 - (From Our Own Correspondent,) PERAK. Taipiug, 16th March. The Rajah Prempuan has changed her mind as to the Dugth of hvr st y in Taiping. She will probably return to Kuala Kangsar on Friday next. Mr. H. C'opley, Assistant Inspector of Boilers, in>t'-ad of Mr.1,288 words
The Straits Times / Article14 May 1904 - Wk, Malay hfail, have often heard it remarked that there exists a Chinese society at Kuala Lumpur which exercises absolute jurisdiction over Chinese -ervants, and now a case which has just come to our notice seems to afford further proof. A Chinese cook who had been370 words
The Straits Budget / Article18 May 1904 - We, Malay Mail t have often heard it remarked that there exists a Chinese society at Kuala Lumpur which exercises absolute jurisdiction over Chinese servants, and now a case which has just come to our notice seems to afford further proof. A Chinese cook who had370 words
The Straits Times / Article20 June 1904 - Mk. V A. Tayi.kk to be a Ist Grade surveyor, revenue survey department, F.M.S., with effect4rom the 29th April. 1904. Mr. Tayler reported his arrival <n the State on the 4th June, 1904 Mr. O. A. Summers has been appointed to be Inspector, Sanitary Board, Seremban, with129 words
Straits Echo / Article21 June 1904 - The last lieavd of tlie GleulocLy was ou the 23r«l of May last when the agents here received a telegram from Suez that she had left that port. She was expected here uti the 11th iust. and is now ten days overblue. The vessel was carrying a507 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article23 June 1904 - i piviivs were made by planters.— Commercial TntsG'tijence. It is not within our province ro comment upon the rights or wrongs cf the queer ease of Hogan r. Blackmore, the story of which we gave in our issue of yesterday, but we can only regret thati piviivs were made by planters.—Commercial TntsG'tijence. - 1,193 words
The Straits Budget / Article23 June 1904 - Mr. V. A. Tayler to be a 1st Grade surveyor, revenue survey department, F.M 8., with effect from the 29th April. 1904. Mr. Tayler reported his arrival in the State on the 4th June, 1904 Mr. G. A. Summers has been appointed to be Inspector, Sanitary Board.134 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article30 June 1904 - 27th June, 1904. It is said that Father A. Catesson of Seremban was in the running for the Bishopric of Malacca and lost the nomination by only two votes. lowkay Foo Choo Choon left here yester day morning for Kampar. This liberal Towkay has promised a substantial sum141 words
Straits Echo / Article1 July 1904 - (From Our Ovm Correspondent*.) Taipino, 27 June. —Mr. Perera, Stationmaster, Port Weld, has bedn transferred to Kuala Luuipur his place here being taken by the present Station-master at Seremban. Although the nn Snj>erintendont of Government Plantations. Mr. J. W. Campbell, has already arrived and token over charge of the289 words
Straits Echo / Article7 July 1904 - To Tin: Ei>rim; or the stkot» Echo. Si K,— Every body knows that several petitions have lieeu rent to the Hon. R. from different sect ions of the Mahomedan community prayiug th.it tin* person named in t heir respective jietitions U* appointed Htitlit for the district ol629 words
The Straits Echo (Mail Edition) / Article8 July 1904 - (From Our Own Component, I Taiping. 27 June.—Mr. reran, «L m-.s;er Port Wold, has teen Kuala Lumpur Ins place here heiuir tai™ i the present Station-master at Seremban A\ tho new Superintendent of Gov.™ meat Plantations, Mr. J. W. Campbell, already arrived and taken over charge of th! Kuala287 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article8 September 1904 - Well may the Stuvlarl and the Daily Telegraph eulogise the result of Ja; an s struggle v»ithslie Bear. The spectacle of a great militant Power, one of the greatest on earth in modern times, and in the prime of its strength being so suddenly brought to1,415 words
The Straits Budget / Article22 December 1904 - Although Mr. Birch has only been here a few' days as Resident, wre, Perak Pioneer understand that he has settled several vexed questions, among them being the advisability of employing prisoners on extra-mural labour. He has in spite of some opposition, ordered the prisoners out and we hope165 words
Straits Echo / Article11 January 1905 - Mr. W. T. Taylor, c.n.u., to lie ResidentGeneral of the Federated Malay States, with effect from Ist January, vice Sir William Hood Treacher, k.c m. 0., retired. Mr. A. S. B ixeudale to be Superintendent,! Posts and Telegraphs, Selangor, Negri Hembilau aud Pahang, with effect657 words
The Straits Echo (Mail Edition) / Article13 January 1905 - Mr. W. T. Taylor, c.m.g., to be ResidentGeneral of the Federated Malay States, with effect from Ist January, vice Sir William Hood Treacher, k.c m.g., retired. Mr. A. S. Baxendale to be Superintendent, Posts and Telegraphs, Selangor, Negri Sembilan and Pahang, with effect from Ist January. H.558 words
Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle / Article9 March 1905 - Commercial /nielligence gives the following:— There is trouble in connection with the Federal bonus puid for sugar produced by white labour in Queensland. It appears that some of the plantations are infested with snakesand insect pests, which are more effectually eradicated by Kanaka than by white labour.883 words
Straits Echo / Article18 April 1905 - Penanu has been praying har»l for rain for some mouths p:ist. ind to-dav it really looks as though the weather hail broken at last and we were to have a normai wet season, instead of the miserable little showers and attempts at dtizzies to which we1,590 words
The Straits Times / Article26 April 1905 - Port Diekion, 22nd April. A Chinaman named Chai Yen was on 10th April arraigned before the Senior Magistrate at Seremban for having committed robbery at Seremban on 26th February last. The evidence adduced was as follows:— On 26th February one Lee Yin living at Ser.awang left Seremban655 words
The Straits Budget / Article27 April 1905 - Port Bichon, 22 n-l. A pn i A Chinaman named Cbai Yen 10th April arraigned before thU** Magistrate at Seremban f or i ,0! committed robbery at 26-h February last. The“ b?n adduced was as follows February one Lee Yin living at tf** wang left Seremban in667 words
Straits Echo / Article20 May 1905 - (From Our Own Correspondent.) Sebum ban. 17th May.—Mr. I). G. Campiiell, the British Resident, returned from leave yesterday and lias taken up his duties. It is rumoured that he will guide t he destinies of this State as well as that of Selangor. looking after the wants aud954 words
The Straits Echo (Mail Edition) / Article26 May 1905 - (Krom Our Quit Corre.-'iiotident.) KEG R 1 SEM BI LAN. Seremban, 17th May. —Mr. D. G. Campbell, the British Resident, returned from leave vesterdav and has taken up hi< duties. It is rumoured that, he will guile the destinks of this Stab* as well as that of Selangor,408 words
Straits Echo / Article16 August 1905 - Mttfuif Mxiil.) The choice of .1 locality in which to sp*iJid a short holiday 1* unfortunately s<>-limited here that it d5es not take one long to come to a decision; but apart this, the claims of Port l>ick»>n ate so strong «,> to make its1,866 words
The Straits Echo (Mail Edition) / Article18 August 1905 - (Malay Mail.) The choice of a locality in which to spend a short holiday is unfortunately so limited here that it does not take one long to come to a decision: but apart from this, the claims of Port Dickson are so strong as to1,813 words
Straits Echo / Article23 August 1905 - Mk. Sawaynagi, the Director of the Bureau of General School Affairs has written an interesting paper on The Present System of Education” in Mr. Alfred Mead’s new compilation .“Japan, by the Japanese.” lie »avs that the spirit of loyalty, filial piety, and bravery which constitutes the fundamental1,056 words
Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser / Advertisement23 September 1905 - THE STRAITS PARCEL AND SHIPPING AGENCY 40 Robinson Road. Parcels Collected and Delivered to all Parts, Passages Booked. I'assengcr's Luggage Collected and delivered or board or at Destination. f FOR PROMPTNESS SPEED aaa| MODERATE CHARGES i I Goods Stored to suit Passengers Convenience. Cable Address.* TOBACCO. Codes a.b.c. 4th sth466 words
Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser / Advertisement25 September 1905 - THE STRAITS PARCEL AND SHIPPING AGENCY 40 Robinson Road. e.*.s Collected a.id Dei.vcrevl te> all Wi. ts, Passages B >.kc 1 ass.' ij;e. "s Luggage Collected and delivered or board or at Destination. f FOR PROMPTNESS SPEED AND MODERATE CHARGES I Goods Stored to suit Passengers I Convenience. Cablk Addrkss:355 words
Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser / Advertisement26 September 1905 - THE Ji'KAITS PARCEL j AND SHIPPING AGENCY j 40 Robinson Road. Parcels Collected and Delivered to all Parts, Passages Booked, I'assengcr's Luggage Collected and delivered or board or at Destination. f FOR PROMPTNESS SPEED AND MODERATE CHARGES t Goods Stored to suit Passengers Convenience. Cable Addrf.ss.* TOBACCO. Codf.s a.b.c. 4th345 words
Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser / Advertisement27 September 1905 - ASDFASDF THE STRAITS PARCEL AND SHIPPING AGEIVeY 40 Robinson Road. Parcels Collected and Delivered to all Parts, Passages Booked, Passenger's Luggage Collected and delivered or board or at Destination. FOR PROMPTNESS SPEED ANO MODERATE CHARGES k Goods Stored to suit Passengers Convenience. Cable Address: TOBACCO. Codes a.b.c. 4th $th Ed.283 words
Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser / Advertisement29 September 1905 - l^^^- 3 jot THE STHRITS PARCEL AND SHIPPING AGENCY 40 Robinson Road. Parcels Collected and Delivered to all Parts, Passages Booked, Passenger's Luggage Collected and delivered or board or at Destination. FOR PROMPTNESS SPEED AND MODERATE CHARGES Ik Goods Stored to suit Passengers Convenience. Cable Address: TOBACCO. Codes a.b.c. 4th292 words
Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser / Advertisement30 September 1905 - "I I I < THE STRAITS PRRCEIi AND SHIPPING AGENCY 40 Robinson Road. Parcels Collected and Delivered to all Parts. Passages Booked, Passenger's Luggage Collected and delivered or board or at Destination. FOR PROMPTNESS SPEED AND MODERATE CHARGES k Goods Stored to suit Passengers I Convenience. Caple Address: TOBACCO. Codes297 words
Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser / Advertisement2 October 1905 - I THE STRfIITS PfIRCEh AND SHIPPING AGENCY 40 Robinson Road. Parcels Collected and Delivered to all Parts, Passages Booked, Passenger's Luggage Collected and delivered or board or at Destination. f FOR PROMPTNESS SPEED AMD MODERATE CHARGES I *jroods Stored to suit Passengers Convenience. Cable Address: TOBACCO. Codes a.b.c. 4th sth284 words
Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser / Advertisement4 October 1905 - -J THE STRAITS PfIRCEIt AND SHIPPING AGENCY 40 Robinson Road. Parcels Collected and Delivered to all Parts, Passages Booked, Passenger's Luggage Collected and delivered or board or at Destination. f FOR PROMPTNESS SPEED AMD MODERATE CHARGES Goods Stored to suit Passengers Convenience. Cablk Address: TOBACCO. Codes a.b.c. 4th sth Ed.270 words
Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser / Advertisement5 October 1905 - a THE STHfIITS PfIRCEIi AND SHIPPING AGENCY 40 Robinson Road. Parcels Collected and Delivered to all Parts, Passages Booked, Passenger's Luggage Collected and delivered or board or at Destination. f FOR PROMPTNESS SPEED AMD MODERATE CHARGES i Goods Stored to suit Passengers Convenience. Cable Address: TOBACCO. Codes a.b.c. 4th sth272 words
The Straits Budget / Article8 March 1906 - On the 1st instant. Mr. E. L. Brockman. Acting Colonial Secretary, issued a circular to the following effect: Heads of Departments when sending in the pension papers of subordinates whom they desire to recommend for the Imperial Service medal, should append to the papers a statement401 words
The Straits Budget / Article15 March 1906 - The following recent appointments have been made: —Mr. W. D. Scott acts as Magistrate, Seremban; Mr. C. H. G. Clarke acts as Assistant District Officer, Pekan: Mr. F. E. Taylor acts as Inspector of Schools, Negri Sembilan: Mr. W. H. Lee-Warner is is attached to the149 words
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